Understanding the symptoms of skin cancer

Skin cancer is a serious condition, but early detection saves lives.

As your largest organ, your skin is one of the most important things to look after on your body. There are many preventative measures you can take to avoid any long-lasting damage. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, but with early detection, it’s almost always treatable.

Time and time again, I’ve witnessed the effects early detection (and actioning any changes early) can have on the prognosis and curability of skin cancer. As a consultant who treats people who have metastatic melanoma, I’m passionate about ensuring people spot the signs of skin cancer early. When it comes to radiotherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer, I know that the best cosmetic outcomes are achieved from treating small lesions – so don’t delay to seek a diagnosis and treatment.

It’s important to be clued up on the key symptoms, diagnostic strategies and warning signs that should prompt you to seek medical attention.

 

Symptoms of skin cancer

The symptoms of skin cancer can vary depending on the type of cancer you have. Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma all have different signs, but some general signs to watch for include:

  • New growths: Any unusual growth on the skin that wasn’t there before
  • Changes to existing moles: Alterations in size, shape, or colour
  • Non-healing sores: Persistent sores that do not heal over weeks or months
  • Itching or pain: Lesions that are itchy, tender, or painful
  • Bleeding or oozing: Spots that bleed, ooze, or form a crust without injury

 

The difference between cancerous and non-
cancerous moles

Benign moles are generally uniform in colour, have smooth borders, and remain consistent in appearance over time.

The ABCDE rule is used to identify the characteristics of melanoma:

  • Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other
  • Border irregularity: Edges are jagged, notched, or blurred
  • Colour variations: Multiple colours such as black, brown, red, white, or blue
  • Diameter: Larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil rubber)
  • Evolution: Noticeable changes in size, shape, or symptoms like bleeding or itching

If you notice any of these signs, it’s important that you consult a dermatologist as soon as possible.

 

Other skin cancer symptoms you may experience

As well as changes to the skin, there are other symptoms you may experience if you’re
diagnosed with skin cancer.

Non-skin-related skin cancer symptoms include:

  • Swollen lymph nodes near the affected area
  • Fatigue and unexplained weight loss (in rare cases, with advanced melanoma)
  • Pain in bones or other areas if the cancer has spread

 

Early signs of skin cancer

Early detection is the best thing you can do for a positive skin cancer outcome.
This early detection is critical and subtle signs can indicate the onset of skin cancer. These early detections include:   

  • A small, pearly bump or a pinkish area (often a sign of basal cell carcinoma)
  • A rough, scaly patch that may crust or bleed (common in squamous cell carcinoma)
  • A mole or spot that looks different from others on your body—often referred to as the “ugly duckling” sign

 

Skin cancer in lesser known areas

Skin cancer doesn’t always occur in sun-exposed areas. We often hear about individuals
noticing mole changes, but there are other common areas that aren’t as widely documented, including:

  1. Face and scalp: Basal cell carcinoma is commonly found here due to chronic sun exposure
  2. Hands and feet: Acral lentiginous melanoma, a rare type, often affects palms, soles, or under nails
  3. Hidden areas: Melanoma can appear in less obvious places like the groin, under breasts, or even on mucous membranes

 

The signs of skin cancer that you shouldn’t ignore

It’s essential to act quickly if you notice any of the following:

  • A mole that changes rapidly over weeks or months
  • A sore that bleeds, crusts, or does not heal
  • Persistent redness, swelling, or tenderness around a lesion
  • Dark streaks under fingernails or toenails
  • Any new growth on previously clear skin

Skin cancer is a serious condition, but early detection saves lives. Regular skin self-
examinations, using the ABCDE method, and annual dermatologist visits are crucial steps in maintaining skin health.

If you notice any suspicious changes, don’t delay—consult a specialist right away.

 

About Dr James Wilson

As a highly experienced clinical oncologist, I provide comprehensive care for patients with metastatic melanoma. My goal is to start your treatment quickly and efficiently, using the latest medical advancements.


My approach combines rapid access to the most appropriate treatments with compassionate support for you and your loved ones. I focus on preserving your overall health and minimising long-term effects of cancer and its treatment. With extensive training from world-leading institutions, I offer personalised care tailored to your unique needs.